Prophet Muhammad Bio: Spouse, Age, History, Parents, Children, Full Name, Family

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Biography

Muhammad, whose full name was Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim, was born around 570 CE in Mecca. He is the central figure in Islam and is honored as the final prophet of God.

His life and teachings are foundational to Islamic theology, law, and practice. As a leader, Muhammad transformed Arabian society by advocating monotheism, social justice, and the unification of tribes under a shared faith.

Muhammad‘s migration from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE, known as the Hijra, marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. His influence extends far beyond religion, significantly shaping politics, culture, and law and leaving a lasting impact on world history.

Muhammad
Wiki Facts & About Data
Real Name:	Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāshim
Stage Name:	Muhammad
Born:	around 570 CE
Place of Birth:	Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Died:	8 June 632 AD, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
Nationality:	Arabian
Education:	N/A
Height:	N/A
Parents:	Abdallah ibn Abd al-Muttalib, Amina bint Wahb
Siblings:	Abdullah, Al-Zubayr, Umm Hakim, Umayma, Arwa, Atika, Barra, Al-Harith, Al-Abbas, Hamza, Hajl, Al-Muqawwim, Abū Lahab, Safiyya
Spouse:	Maymunah bint al-Harith (m. 629 AD–632 AD), Safiyya bint Huyayy (m. 629 AD–632 AD), Umm Habiba (m. 628 AD-632 AD), Juwayriya bint al-Harith (m. 628 AD–632 AD), Zaynab bint Jahsh (m. 627 AD-632 AD), Rayhana bint Zayd (m. 627 AD–631 AD), Hafsa bint Umar (m. 625 AD-632 AD), Hind bint Abi Umayya (m. 625 AD-632 AD), Zaynab bint Khuzayma (m. 625 AD-625 AD), Aisha Bint Abu Bakr (m. 623 AD-632 AD), Sawdah bint Zam’ah (m. 619 AD–632 AD), Khadīja bint Khuwaylid (m. 595 AD-619 AD)
Girlfriend • Partner:	N/A
Children:	Fatimah bint Muhammad, Ibrahim ibn Muhammad, Zainab bint Muhammad, Umme Kulsoom, Ruqayya bint Muhammad, Qasim ibn Muhammad, Abd Allah ibn Muhammad
Occupation:	Religious Leader • Prophet
Net Worth:	$??? (USD)

Early Life & Education

Muhammad was born around 570 CE in Mecca, a city in the Arabian Peninsula, now in modern-day Saudi Arabia. He belonged to the Quraysh tribe, specifically from the Hashim clan, known for its trade and leadership.

Born into a polytheistic society, he later became the prophet of Islam. His father, Abdallah ibn Abd al-Muttalib, died before Muhammad was born, and his mother, Amina bint Wahb, passed away when he was six years old. His paternal grandfather, Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim, took care of him until his death when Muhammad was eight.

His maternal grandfather was Wahb ibn Abd Manaf. Muhammad had no full siblings but had half-siblings from his father’s side, like Al-Harith and Al-Shifa. As understood today, formal education did not exist in Muhammad‘s time, but he was known for his integrity, earning the nickname “Al-Amin” (the Trustworthy).

His knowledge came from life experiences, trade, and interactions with diverse cultures and religions. His travels with his uncle, Abu Talib, on trade caravans contributed to his learning. The Quran, believed by Muslims to have been revealed to him, also became a significant source of wisdom. His upbringing, marked by early losses but also by family support, shaped his character, leading to his prophetic mission and the establishment of Islam.

Career

Muhammad’s life can be divided into two key phases: his life before receiving divine revelations and his life as a prophet. In his early years, he worked as a shepherd and later became a trader, earning a reputation for honesty and integrity in Mecca’s commercial circles. He was employed by Khadija bint Khuwaylid, a wealthy widow, to manage her trading business, which led to their marriage and expanded his influence further.

At the age of 40, Muhammad experienced his first revelation from the angel Gabriel, marking the start of his prophetic mission. Initially preaching monotheism and social reform in secret, he faced intense opposition and persecution in Mecca. In 622 CE, Muhammad and his followers migrated to Medina, an event known as the Hijra, which marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar.

In Medina, Muhammad became a statesman and military leader. He established the Constitution of Medina, promoting harmony among Muslims, Jews, and other communities. He led significant battles, including Badr, Uhud, and the Trench, ensuring the survival and growth of the Muslim community. His diplomatic achievements, such as the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, paved the way for the peaceful conquest of Mecca in 630 CE.

Following Mecca’s conquest, Muhammad focused on consolidating his rule and spreading Islam throughout the Arabian Peninsula, employing both military campaigns and peaceful outreach. He continued teaching the Quran, resolving disputes, and implementing social reforms, including abolishing female infanticide.

Muhammad’s career evolved from a trusted merchant to a revered prophet, community leader, statesman, and military commander, leaving a lasting legacy that shaped Islam and the governance of early Muslim society.

Personal Life

Muhammad’s marriages were primarily motivated by political, social, or humanitarian considerations, especially after he migrated to Medina. His first and only wife during his early years was Khadija bint Khuwaylid, with whom he was married for 25 years until she died in 619 CE. She was his most beloved wife, and together they had six children. After her passing, Muhammad married Sawda bint Zamʿa, an older widow, providing companionship during a challenging time.

Aisha bint Abi Bakr, married at a young age, remained with Muhammad until his death and later became a prominent Islamic scholar. Hafsa bint Umar, the daughter of Umar ibn al-Khattab, strengthened ties with one of Muhammad’s closest companions. Zaynab bint Khuzayma, known for her charity and compassion, was married to him for less than two years before her death.

Umm Salama (Hind bint Abi Umayya), a widow with children, entered into a marriage that supported her family and fortified tribal alliances. Zaynab bint Jahsh’s marriage to Muhammad symbolized equality among believers, as she was previously married to his adopted son, Zaid ibn Haritha. Juwayriya bint al-Harith’s marriage helped reconcile her tribe with the Muslim community, while Umm Habiba (Ramlah bint Abi Sufyan), the daughter of a former enemy turned ally, strengthened ties with the Quraysh.

Safiyya bint Huyayy, from a Jewish tribe, married Muhammad in a gesture of peace and reconciliation. Maymunah bint al-Harith was his last wife, and their marriage took place during the Farewell Pilgrimage.

Muhammad’s children included sons Qasim and Abdullah (also known as Tahir or Tayyib), both of whom died in childhood. His daughters were Zainab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum, and Fatimah. Fatimah was the only child who could outlive him. Through her marriage to Ali, their descendants, known as Sayyids, continued his lineage. His other sons are Ibrahim ibn Muhammad and Abd Allah ibn Muhammad.

Body of Work

Muhammad‘s “body of work” primarily revolves around his role as the Prophet of Islam, with his contributions being largely spiritual, legal, and moral rather than in the form of written works. Here’s a list of his key contributions:

1. The Quran:
   • Although Muhammad is not the author but the recipient of the Quran, it is the central text of Islam, believed to be the literal word of God as revealed to him through the Angel Gabriel. The Quran covers matters of faith, law, ethics, and guidance for personal and communal life.
2. Hadith:
   • Collections of sayings, actions, and tacit approvals attributed to Muhammad. These are not written by him but are recorded by his companions and later scholars. Hadiths serve as a primary source of Islamic jurisprudence, morality, and tradition. Notable compilations include:
     • Sahih al-Bukhari
     • Sahih Muslim
     • Sunan Abu Dawood
     • Sunan al-Tirmidhi
     • Sunan al-Nasa’i
     • Sunan Ibn Majah
3. The Sunnah:
   • Refers to the practices and examples set by Muhammad, which, together with the Quran, form the basis of Islamic law and practice. The Sunnah includes:
     • Practices in worship (like prayer, fasting, pilgrimage)
     • Moral and ethical teachings
     • Legal precedents established through his decisions and judgments
4. Constitution of Medina:
   • Also known as the Medina Charter, this document, drafted under Muhammad’s guidance, established a form of governance in Medina, outlining the rights and duties of the Muslim, Jewish, and pagan communities living there, promoting peace and cooperation.
5. Letters and Treaties:
   • Muhammad sent letters to various rulers inviting them to Islam and corresponded with leaders to forge alliances or peace agreements, such as:
     • Treaty of Hudaybiyyah with the Meccans
     • Letters to rulers like Heraclius (Byzantine Emperor), Khosrow II (Persian King), and the Negus of Abyssinia
6. Speeches and Sermons:
   • Muhammad delivered many sermons, including the famous “Farewell Sermon” (Khutbah al-Wada’) during his last pilgrimage, which addressed equality, rights, and responsibilities within the Muslim community.
7. Foundational Work in Jurisprudence:
   • His judgments and actions laid the groundwork for Islamic law (Sharia), covering aspects like marriage, inheritance, trade, and criminal justice.
8. Educational Legacy:
   • Through his teachings, Muhammad established a tradition of learning and scholarship in Islam, encouraging the pursuit of knowledge, which is reflected in the rise of Islamic scholarship in various fields post his era.

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